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Zen ranks and hierarchy : ウィキペディア英語版 | Zen ranks and hierarchy
Zen institutions have an elaborate system of ranks and hierarchy, which determine one's position in the institution. Within this system, novices train to become a Zen priest, or a trainer of new novices. ==Sōtō== From its beginnings, Sōtō Zen has placed a strong emphasis on lineage and dharma transmission. In time, dharma transmission became synonymous with the transmission of temple ownership. This was changed by Manzan Dokahu (1636–1714), a Sōtō reformer, who... Sōtō-Zen has two ranking systems, ''hokai'' (four dharma ranks) and ''sokai'' (eight priest ranks).〔
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